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How to remove BufferKey adware from Mac computers

Access the settings of the router and look at the DHCP client list. This will show the IP address the NAS device received or use the Buffalo NAS Navigator 2, which will show the IP address, the hostname, the firmware version on more info about your Buffalo NAS device.

What is BufferKey?

BufferKey is an adware-type application that possesses certain traits common to browser hijackers. It operates by running intrusive ad campaigns and modifying browser settings to promote a fake search engine. BufferKey promotes Safe Finder via akamaihd.net. Additionally, most adware and browser hijackers monitor users' browsing habits. Due to BufferKey's dubious proliferation methods, it is categorized as a Potentially Unwanted Application (PUA).

Adware enables the placement of third party graphical content, typically on any visited website. The delivered advertisements can include pop-ups, banners, coupons, surveys, etc. They significantly diminish the browsing experience, since they overlay web pages and limit browsing speed. When clicked, intrusive ads redirect to various untrusted/malicious sites and can even execute scripts to stealthily download/install rogue software (e.g. PUAs). Browser hijackers reassign the homepage, default search engine and new tab/window URLs to the addresses of fake search engines. BufferKey promotes Safe Finder (through akamaihd.net) in this manner. This forces users to visit the promoted address, thereby affecting their browsing experience. Rogue search engines are usually unable to provide unique results, and so they redirect to (or cause redirection chains ending with) Google, Bing, Yahoo and other genuine sites. Furthermore, recovering a hijacked browser without removing the software responsible is impossible, since any changes users attempt to make are automatically reset, if access to the browser settings is permitted at all. Most PUAs (adware and browser hijackers included) have data tracking capabilities. They monitor browsing activity (browsing and search engine histories) and collect personal information derived from it (IP addresses, geolocations and other details). The data is often shared with third parties (potentially, cyber criminals) intent on misusing it for financial gain. To summarize, the presence of unwanted apps on systems can lead to serious privacy issues, financial loss and even identity theft. To protect device and user safety, it is important to remove all suspicious applications and browser extensions/plug-ins immediately upon detection.

SearchExplore, TechFunctionSearch, and ExtraDevice are some examples of other adware-type apps. They may seem legitimate and useful and users are enticed into download/installation with offers of various functions, however, these features are rarely operational - this lack of functionality is typical of all PUAs, not just adware. PUAs have just one purpose: to generate profit at users' expense. They deliver intrusive ad campaigns, force-open untrusted and malicious pages, hijack browsers and gather sensitive information.

How did BufferKey install on my computer?

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• Access the settings of the router and look at the DHCP client list. This will show the IP address the NAS device received or use the Buffalo NAS Navigator 2, which will show the IP address, the hostname, the firmware version on more info about your Buffalo NAS device.
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• How to remove BufferKey from Mac OS X 10 months ago. Tips for BufferKey removal. BufferKey is an adware type app that posses certain traits of browser hijackers as well. It operates by running various intrusive ad campaigns, modifying the installed web browsers’ settings to promote fake search engine. It promotes Safe Finder through.

PUAs spread via the download/installation set-ups of other products. This deceptive marketing method of packing regular software with unwanted or malicious content is called 'bundling'. Rushing downloads/installations (e.g. ignoring terms, using pre-set options, skipping steps and sections, etc.) increases the risk of unintentionally allowing bundled additions onto the system. Some PUAs have 'official' promotional web pages from which they can be downloaded. Once clicked, intrusive ads can execute scripts to download/install PUAs without users' permission.

How to avoid installation of potentially unwanted applications

You are strongly advised to research all products before download/installation. All downloads must be performed from official and verified sources. Untrusted channels such as unofficial and free file-hosting sites, Peer-to-Peer sharing networks (BitTorrent, eMule, Gnutella, etc.) and other third party downloaders can offer deceptive and bundled content. When downloading/installing, read the terms, study all available options, use the 'Custom' or 'Advanced' settings and opt-out of all additional apps, tools, features, etc. It is also important to exercise caution when browsing. Intrusive advertisements may seem legitimate and normal, however, they can redirect to highly dubious websites (e.g. gambling, pornography, adult-dating and others). If you encounter these ads/redirects, check the system and remove all dubious applications and browser extensions/plug-ins detected. If your computer is already infected with BufferKey, we recommend running a scan with Combo Cleaner Antivirus for macOS to automatically eliminate this adware.

Pop-up window displayed once BufferKey installation is complete:

BufferKey redirecting users to Safe Finder website via akamaihd.net:

BufferKey adware installation folder:

BufferKey adware installed onto the Safari browser:

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▼ DOWNLOAD Combo Cleaner for MacBy downloading any software listed on this website you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. To use full-featured product, you have to purchase a license for Combo Cleaner. Limited three days free trial available.

Quick menu:

• STEP 1. Remove BufferKey related files and folders from OSX.
• STEP 2. Remove BufferKey ads from Safari.
• STEP 3. Remove BufferKey adware from Google Chrome.
• STEP 4. Remove BufferKey ads from Mozilla Firefox.

Video showing how to remove BufferKey adware using Combo Cleaner:

BufferKey adware removal:

Remove BufferKey-related potentially unwanted applications from your 'Applications' folder:

Click the Finder icon. In the Finder window, select 'Applications'. In the applications folder, look for 'MPlayerX','NicePlayer', or other suspicious applications and drag them to the Trash. After removing the potentially unwanted application(s) that cause online ads, scan your Mac for any remaining unwanted components.

Combo Cleaner checks if your computer is infected with malware. To use full-featured product, you have to purchase a license for Combo Cleaner. Limited three days free trial available.

Remove ads by bufferkey related files and folders:

Click the Finder icon, from the menu bar. Choose Go, and click Go to Folder...

Check for adware-generated files in the /Library/LaunchAgents folder:

In the Go to Folder... bar, type: /Library/LaunchAgents

In the “LaunchAgents” folder, look for any recently-added suspicious files and move them to the Trash. Examples of files generated by adware - “installmac.AppRemoval.plist”, “myppes.download.plist”, “mykotlerino.ltvbit.plist”, “kuklorest.update.plist”, etc. Adware commonly installs several files with the same string.

Check for adware generated files in the /Library/Application Support folder:

In the Go to Folder... bar, type: /Library/Application Support

In the “Application Support” folder, look for any recently-added suspicious folders. For example, “MplayerX” or “NicePlayer”, and move these folders to the Trash.

Check for adware-generated files in the ~/Library/LaunchAgents folder:

In the Go to Folder bar, type: ~/Library/LaunchAgents

In the “LaunchAgents” folder, look for any recently-added suspicious files and move them to the Trash. Examples of files generated by adware - “installmac.AppRemoval.plist”, “myppes.download.plist”, “mykotlerino.ltvbit.plist”, “kuklorest.update.plist”, etc. Adware commonly installs several files with the same string.

Check for adware-generated files in the /Library/LaunchDaemons folder:

In the Go to Folder... bar, type: /Library/LaunchDaemons

In the “LaunchDaemons” folder, look for recently-added suspicious files. For example “com.aoudad.net-preferences.plist”, “com.myppes.net-preferences.plist”, 'com.kuklorest.net-preferences.plist”, “com.avickUpd.plist”, etc., and move them to the Trash.

Scan your Mac with Combo Cleaner:

If you have followed all the steps in the correct order you Mac should be clean of infections. To be sure your system is not infected run a scan with Combo Cleaner Antivirus. Download it HERE. After downloading the file double click combocleaner.dmg installer, in the opened window drag and drop Combo Cleaner icon on top of the Applications icon. Now open your launchpad and click on the Combo Cleaner icon. Wait until Combo Cleaner updates it's virus definition database and click 'Start Combo Scan' button.

Combo Cleaner will scan your Mac for malware infections. If the antivirus scan displays 'no threats found' - this means that you can continue with the removal guide, otherwise it's recommended to remove any found infections before continuing.

After removing files and folders generated by the adware, continue to remove rogue extensions from your Internet browsers.

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Ads by BufferKey removal from Internet browsers:

Remove malicious extensions from Safari:

Remove ads by bufferkey related Safari extensions:

Open Safari browser, from the menu bar, select 'Safari' and click 'Preferences...'.

In the preferences window, select 'Extensions' and look for any recently-installed suspicious extensions. When located, click the 'Uninstall' button next to it/them. Note that you can safely uninstall all extensions from your Safari browser - none are crucial for normal browser operation.

• If you continue to have problems with browser redirects and unwanted advertisements - Reset Safari.

Remove malicious plug-ins from Mozilla Firefox:

Remove ads by bufferkey related Mozilla Firefox add-ons:

Open your Mozilla Firefox browser. At the top right corner of the screen, click the 'Open Menu' (three horizontal lines) button. From the opened menu, choose 'Add-ons'.

Choose the 'Extensions' tab and look for any recently-installed suspicious add-ons. When located, click the 'Remove' button next to it/them. Note that you can safely uninstall all extensions from your Mozilla Firefox browser - none are crucial for normal browser operation.

• If you continue to have problems with browser redirects and unwanted advertisements - Reset Mozilla Firefox.

Remove malicious extensions from Google Chrome:

Remove ads by bufferkey related Google Chrome add-ons:

Open Google Chrome and click the 'Chrome menu' (three horizontal lines) button located in the top-right corner of the browser window. From the drop-down menu, choose 'More Tools' and select 'Extensions'.

In the 'Extensions' window, look for any recently-installed suspicious add-ons. When located, click the 'Trash' button next to it/them. Note that you can safely uninstall all extensions from your Google Chrome browser - none are crucial for normal browser operation.

• If you continue to have problems with browser redirects and unwanted advertisements - Reset Google Chrome.

The European buff coat is an item of leather clothing that was primarily worn by cavalry and officers during the 17th century, but also worn by a small number of infantry. It was often worn under armour. The buff coat was derived from the simple leather jerkins employed by huntsmen and soldiers during the Tudor period, these in turn deriving from the arming doublet.^[1] The name of the jacket, as well as its characteristic tan or buff colour, derives from the buffalo or ox hide from which it was commonly made.^[2]

Production, appearance and variation[edit]

The buff coat was worn as European military attire from around 1600 through to the 1680s.^[3] The origin of the term 'buff' in relation to the coat refers to leather obtained from the 'European buffalo' (available sources do not specify what species this term means, but it most probably refers to the Wisent), which also gave rise to the term buff for its light tan colour. The only source of buffalo leather in the early 17th century was Germany. Most buff coats, however, were made from thick cowhide. While mainly worn for military use, its design reflects civilian styles fashionable during the early 17th century, with a high waist and flared skirts extending to the thighs. It is related to the earlier sleeveless doublet or jerkin, likewise made of thick leather.^[2]

Made in sleeveless and sleeved variants, the very finest buff coats were made of the hide of the European elk.^[4]Buff leather was produced by a method of 'oil tanning'; following treatment with lime the hide was scraped to remove the outer layer, which gave the finished product a matt surface. The hide then had cod oil worked into it in a process called 'kicking' and was finally air-dried. The oiling and drying steps could be repeated. The finished leather attained its characteristic buff colour and was supple, durable and weather resistant.^[5]

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Due to the thickness of the leather, the seams of these coats were all butt-jointed, with hidden or partially hidden stitches.^[6] Thread holes were punched with an awl before stitching, since needles then in use could not puncture the hide.^[2] Extant examples are lined, either with coarse linen or silk.^[6] Closures included laces threaded through eyelets, buttons, loops, and clasps. They were often worn with lace cuffs and collars, as well as brightly colored sashes or baldrics worn diagonally.^[2] All extant English examples are closed with hooks and eyes. Many high quality examples show apparent fastenings of gold or silver tape at the front, however, these were merely decorative, the real fastenings being hidden hooks and eyes attached to the inside of the join.^[6] Some of the highest quality buff coats, typically shown in portraits of officers, had multiple stripes of gold or silver lace running lengthwise down, or hooped around, the sleeves.^[7][8]

Most surviving examples have sleeves, but a minority are sleeveless.^[7][8] (Removable sleeves were common for men's clothing in the 17th century.^[2]) Sleeves could be of a single thickness of leather from shoulder to wrist, or alternatively of a double thickness from the shoulder to the elbow, with a single thickness, to allow freedom of movement, to the wrist. All buff coats had deep skirts attached, which protected the upper legs of the wearer.^[7][8] The thickest parts of the leather were generally placed so as to protect the wearer's legs while on horseback.^[2] The extant collection of buff coats preserved at Littlecote House dating to 1649–1660, contains examples with leather varying from 0.06 to 0.22 inches (1.5 to 5.6 mm) in thickness and entire coats weighing between 4 lb 4 oz and 7 lb 8 oz (1.9–3.4 kg).^[9]

• English buff coat 1630–1640 showing false fastening of silver tape down the front. Metropolitan Museum of Art

• A Royalist cavalry officer of the English Civil War, wearing a buff coat under a cuirass. The buff coat has sleeves decorated with bands of gold lace. Portrait of Richard Neville, by William Dobson, 17th century

Use[edit]

The coat provided some protection against cuts by swords and other edged weapons; however the buff coat was ineffective against thrusts; it was also ineffective as a protection from firearms, possibly excepting spent bullets. The buff coat was often worn under the plate armour cuirass, where it helped to cushion the wearer from chafing or bruising by the armour's edges. It was also worn on its own, as the buff coat was much more comfortable to wear for long periods of time than the cuirass. The finest quality buff coats were expensive, often much more so than the munition armour cuirasses typically issued to common soldiers, which may account for their widespread association with officers and other men of greater than average wealth.^[10][11]

The buff coat was used in place of armour during the Thirty Years' War and the English Civil War.^[12] Together with the lobster-tailed pot helmet and cuirass it formed the basis of the equipment of the harquebusier, the typical form of European cavalryman of the 17th century.^[13] Although worn by some foot soldiers, in battle it was mainly restricted to use by affluent cavalry troops.^[12] Buff coats were issued to a minority of musketeers in the pike and shot formations to give them some protection during hand-to-hand combat. The buff coat was also worn by civilians requiring a protective and durable garment, such as huntsmen and men travelling on horseback.^[13]

See also[edit]

• Gambeson, a padded jacket, worn singly as armor or combined with mail or plate armor

Citations[edit]

1. ^Tincey (1990), p. 15.
2. ^ ^abcdefDoering (2016).
3. ^Dowen (2015), pp. 158, 172.
4. ^Brzezinski (1993), p. 12.
5. ^Tincey (2002), p. 59.
6. ^ ^abcBlackmore (1990), pp. 19, 22.
7. ^ ^abcHaythornthwaite (1983), pp. 25, 37.
8. ^ ^abcBlackmore (1990), pp. 22–23.
9. ^Tincey (2002), p. 60.
10. ^Blackmore (1990), pp. 18–19.
11. ^Tincey (2002), p. 18.
12. ^ ^abNolan (2006).
13. ^ ^abHaythornthwaite (1983), pp. 25, 45.

Cited works[edit]

• Blackmore, D. (1990). Arms & Armour of the English Civil Wars. R. Hook, illustrator. Trustees of the Royal Armouries. ISBN0-948092-08-4.
• Brzezinski, R. (1993). The Army of Gustavus Adolphus (2) Cavalry. Osprey Publishing. ISBN1-85532-350-8.
• Doering, Mary D. (2016). 'Buff Coats, 1600–1714'. In F., José Blanco; Doering, Mary (eds.). Clothing and Fashion: American Fashion from Head to Toe, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 42–43. ISBN978-1-61069-310-3.
• Dowen, Keith (March 2015). 'The Seventeenth Century Buff Coat'. Journal of the Arms and Armour Society. XXI (5): 157–188. ISSN0004-2439.
• Haythornthwaite, P (1983). The English Civil War, 1642–1651: An Illustrated Military History. Blandford Press. ISBN1-85409-323-1.
• Nolan, Cathal J. (2006). The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000-1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization, Volume 1. Greenwood Press. p. 97. ISBN978-0-313-33733-8.
• Tincey, J. (1990). Soldiers of the English Civil War (2) Cavalry. A. McBride, illustrator. Osprey Publishing. ISBN0-85045-940-0.
• Tincey, J. (2002). Ironsides: English Cavalry, 1588–1688. G. Turner, illustrator. Osprey Publishing. ISBN1-84176-213-X.

External links[edit]

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• Media related to Buff coats at Wikimedia Commons